What's the difference between a crankshaft and a camshaft?

The crankshaft and camshaft are two core components of an engine, but their functions and structures are distinct:

Functional Differences Between Crankshafts and Camshafts:
Crankshaft: Converts the reciprocating motion of the pistons into rotational motion, generating power to drive the vehicle.
Camshaft: Controls the opening and closing timing of the valves, managing the engine's intake and exhaust processes.

Structural Features of the Crankshaft and Camshaft:
Crankshaft: A long shaft with a crank and counterweights, it withstands the pressure of explosions and requires forging from high-strength materials.
Camshaft: A cam with a specifically contoured surface rotates to drive the valve train.

How the Crankshaft and Camshaft Work Together:
Both operate synchronously via a timing belt/chain, with the crankshaft rotating at twice the speed of the camshaft (in a four-stroke engine).
The crankshaft determines power output, while the camshaft influences combustion efficiency, working together to ensure proper engine operation.